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光纤光缆通讯传输媒介的特征及方式--江苏东维通信科技有限公司

发布日期：2021-04-25 发布人： 原创 浏览次数：82

光纤光缆通讯传输媒介的特征及方式

1.本征：是光纤的固有损耗，包括：瑞利散射，固有吸收等。

2.弯曲：光纤弯曲时部分光纤内的光会因散射而损失掉，造成的损耗。

3.挤压：光纤受到挤压时产生微小的弯曲而造成的损耗。

4.杂质：光纤内杂质吸收和散射在光纤中传播的光，造成的损失。

5.不均匀：光纤材料的折射率不均匀造成的损耗。

6.对接：光纤对接时产生的损耗，如：不同轴(单模光纤同轴度要求小于0.8μm)，端面与轴心不垂直，端面不平，对接心径不匹配和熔接质量差等。

7.多模光纤：中心玻璃芯教粗(50或62.5μm)，可传多种模式的光。但其模间色散较大，这就限制了传输数字信号的频率，而且随距离的增加会更加严重。例如：600MB/KM的光纤在2KM时则只有300MB的带宽了。因此，多模光纤传输的距离就比较近，一般只有几公里。

8.单模光纤：中心玻璃芯较细(芯径一般为9或10μm)，只能传一种模式的光。因此，其模间色散很小，适用于远程通讯，但其色度色散起主要作用，这样单模光纤对光源的谱宽和稳定性有较高的要求，即谱宽要窄，稳定性要好。

9.常规型光纤：光纤生产厂家将光纤传输频率最佳化在单一波长的光上，如1300μm。

10.色散位移型光纤：光纤生产长家将光纤传输频率最佳化在两个波长的光上，如：1300μm和1550μm。

11.突变型光纤：光纤中心芯到玻璃包层的折射率是突变的。其成本低，模间色散高。适用于短途低速通讯，如：工控。但单模光纤由于模间色散很小，所以单模光纤都采用突变型。

12.渐变型光纤：光纤中心芯到玻璃包层的折射率是逐渐变小，可使高模光按正弦形式传播，这能减少模间色散，提高光纤带宽，增加传输距离，但成本较高，现在的多模光纤多为渐变型光纤。

江苏东维通信科技有限公司具有多年光缆行业经验，可为客户提供一站式生产定制服务，产品线包括ADSS电力光缆、OPGW电力光缆、普通通信光缆、特殊专用定制光缆、光纤连接器、光纤跳线、光纤配线单元等。

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上一篇：光纤与普通网线有什么不同?--江苏东维通信科技有限公司
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