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塑料光纤POF的结构种类以及优势--江苏东维通信科技有限公司

发布日期：2021-05-06 发布人： 原创 浏览次数：85

众所周知，石英光纤以其衰减小、频带宽等优点，但因其所需的原料纯洁、制造工艺复杂、价格昂贵、接续困难，要大量用作短距离接入网的光传输介质就不划算了。为降低短距离接入网中接人用户端的光纤成本，塑料光纤（POF）诞生了。以下部分介绍了塑料光纤POF的结构种类和优缺点。

塑料光纤POF的结构和种类：

塑料光纤由折射较高的纤芯和折射率较低的包层组成。要求选用制作塑料光纤的材料具有透光性好、光学性质均匀、合适的折射率且便于调整，加工方便、化学、物理的性能稳定、价格便宜等特点。一般选作塑料光纤纤芯的材料有：聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚苯乙烯聚碳酸醋、氟化聚甲基丙烯酸酯和全氟树脂等。

塑料光纤按横截面折射率的分布来分可分为阶跃型的塑料光纤(SI—POF)和渐变型的塑料光纤(GI—POF)两大类。

POF的优缺点：

塑料光纤POF是开发成本低、透光性好、质量轻、柔软性好、芯径粗便于安装的传输介质。

和铜缆相比，塑料光纤具有的优点有：

（1） 带宽大：在l00m～1000m范围内带宽可达数GHz。

（2） 抗电磁干扰；POF对电磁干扰不敏感，也不发生辐射，不同数据速率下的衰减恒定，误码率可预测，能在电噪声环境中使用。

（3） 价格低：POF成本则与对称电缆相当，并且塑料光纤POF及其配件的成本还在不断下降，而铜缆成本的降低在很大程度上受着铜价的制约，下降空间有限

与石英光纤相比，塑料光纤具有的优点有：

（1） 塑料光纤芯径粗、数值孔径NA大：芯径大(0.3～1.0mm)，接续时可使用简单的POF连接器，即使是光纤接续中心对准产生30µm的偏差也不会影响耦合损耗；数值孔径大(0.3～0.5mm)，受光角可达60°，可用便宜的LED，并且耦合效率高。

（2） 挠曲性好，易于加工和使用，弯曲半径小。

（3） 分路简单、操作简便：可直接采用注塑连接器连接。

当然，塑料光纤也存在一些缺点，主要有：

（1） 衰减大：一般POF在波长850nm处的典型的衰减系数大约为100～200 dB/km，相比G.652光纤在1.31µm的典型的衰减系数大约为0．35 dB/km，有很大的差距。

（2） 频带窄：PMMA GT—POF即使在最优折射率剖面的情况下，在650nm波长下的带宽也仅为3GHz·100m。

（3） 耐热性差：塑料光纤POF只能在- 40～85°C的环境中工作，耐热性稍差。

江苏东维通信科技有限公司具有多年光缆行业经验，可为客户提供一站式生产定制服务，产品线包括ADSS电力光缆、OPGW电力光缆、普通通信光缆、特殊专用定制光缆、光纤连接器、光纤跳线、光纤配线单元等。

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